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1.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol ; 76(11): 1607-1614, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32613537

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Studies validating indirect methods to identify nonadherence in chronic patients who visit pharmacies are lacking. The aim of this study was to validate self-reported adherence and assess the variables associated with both overestimation and underestimation of good adherence when using this method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study was undertaken to validate self-reported adherence in 132 community pharmacies throughout Spain in 6237 chronic patients. The Morisky-Green test was used as the validation method and through a 2 × 2 table, the validity indicators, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated. To assess the variables associated with both overestimation and underestimation of good adherence, multivariate logistic regression analysis and calculation of the area under the ROC curve were used to evaluate discriminatory capacity. RESULTS: Sensitivity was 27.8% (95% CI: 26.2-29.4) and specificity was 93.9% (95% CI: 93.1-94.7). Discrepancy analysis obtained a significant overestimation of good adherence (p < 0.001). The factors associated with overestimating good adherence were performing a mnemonic trick (p < 0.001), not self-medicating (p < 0.001), a high level of physical activity (p < 0.001), and an older age (p = 0.014). Factors associated with underestimation were self-medication (p < 0.001), desiring more information (p < 0.001), smoking (p = 0.014), not engaging in physical activity in the low (p = 0.006) or high (p < 0.001) categories, having a younger mean age (p = 0.007), and taking two to three (p = 0.029) or four or more (p < 0.001) chronic treatments. CONCLUSION: Self-reported adherence has good specificity but poor sensitivity. The associated profiles of the discrepancies were obtained to identify both good and poor adherence.


Assuntos
Adesão à Medicação , Autorrelato , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Farmácias
2.
J Hum Hypertens ; 30(1): 7-10, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25833705

RESUMO

We did not find any paper that assessed clinical inertia in obese patients. Therefore, no paper has compared the clinical inertia rates between morbidly and nonmorbidly obese patients. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out. We analysed 8687 obese patients ⩾40 years of age who attended their health-care center for a checkup as part of a preventive program. The outcome was morbid obesity. Secondary variables were as follows: failure in the management of high blood pressure (HBP), high blood cholesterol (HBC) and high fasting blood glucose (HFBG); gender; personal history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking and cardiovascular disease; and age (years). We analysed the association between failures and morbid obesity by calculating the adjusted odds ratio (OR). Of 8687 obese patients, 421 had morbid obesity (4.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-5.3%). The prevalence rates for failures were as follows: HBP, 34.7%; HBC, 35.2%; and HFBG, 12.4%. Associated factors with morbid obesity related with failures were as follows: failure in the management of HBP (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.15-1.74, P=0.001); failure in the management of HBC (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.58-0.91, P=0.004); and failure in the management of HFBG (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.66-3.03, P<0.001). Morbidly obese patients faced worse management for HBP and HFBG, and better management for HBC. It would be interesting to integrate alarm systems to avoid this problem.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Dislipidemias/terapia , Hipertensão/terapia , Obesidade/classificação , Obesidade/complicações , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia
3.
Index enferm ; 24(3): 149-153, jul.-sept. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142701

RESUMO

Los niños de adopción internacional presentan problemas de salud consecuencia de la exposición a factores de riesgo e institucionalización, que no ofrece las condiciones necesarias para satisfacer sus necesidades. El objetivo del trabajo es sustentar teóricamente la satisfacción de las necesidades de los niños adoptados desde la perspectiva enfermera, tomando como referencia teorías de diferentes disciplinas. Desde el metaparadigma enfermero, la persona es el niño adoptado y su familia, la salud se analiza desde la Teoría de las Necesidades Infantiles de Ochaita y Espinosa, el entorno desde la Teoría Ecológica del Desarrollo Humano de Bronfenbrenner y el cuidado desde la Teoría de la Necesidades de Henderson


The Internationally Adoption children have health problems due to the exposure to risk factors and institutionalization, which does not provide the necessary conditions to satisfy their needs. This work aims to theoretically sustain the satisfaction of adopted children's needs from the nurse's perspective, reffering to theories of different disciplines. From the nursing metaparadigm, the adopted child and his family are the persons, health is analyzed from the Ochaita and Espinosa's Theory of Needs Children's point of view, the environment from the Ecological Theory of Human Development from Bronfenbrenner, and the care is analyzed Theory of Needs Henderson


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Adoção , Cuidados de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Satisfação Pessoal , Avaliação das Necessidades/organização & administração , Comparação Transcultural , Saúde da Criança , Teoria de Enfermagem , Modelos de Enfermagem
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(2): 338-42, 2014 Aug 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25208788

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a polyphenolic extract from olive pit on the development of the nervous system as well as its effect on pain induced by the neurotoxin kainic acid, taking the zebrafish as the animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyse the effect of the extract at the maximum tolerated dose (100 mg/ml of polyphenols) on the cholinergic activity in zebrafish larvae (72 hours post-fertilization). Only fecundated eggs with no abnormalities are used. 6 eggs/bowl are incubated in a 24 bowls microplate in 2 ml of water with DMSO (0.1%) at 26 ± 1º C: a) neurodevelopment: water (control) and 100 mg/ml of extract, as an essay; b) neuroprotection: water and kainic acid (100 µM) (control) and 100 mg/ml of extract (essay). All incubations are in triplicate. After 72 h, incubations are examined and checked for any abnormalities. Larvae are homogenized and acetyl cholinesterase activity and protein concentration in supernatants is quantified. RESULTS: The quantity of protein and the morphologic appreciation is similar in all the essays, showing a standard development. Acetyl cholinesterase in fish larvae, with the polyphenolic extract is 162.2% (SD 44.2) compared to controls (100% of activity) (p < 0.01). Fish larvae treated with kainic acid and polyphenolic acid show 140.1% (SD 22.0) of activity, compared to those only incubated with the neurotoxin (100%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Polyphenols extracted from olive pit produce an increase in the cholinergic activity during the larvae neurodevelopment in the zebrafish as well as protection against the neurotoxin kainic acid.


Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de un extracto polifenólico de hueso de oliva en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso y frente al daño inducido mediante la neurotoxina ácido kaínico, utilizando como modelo animal el pez cebra. Material y métodos: Se analiza el efecto del extracto a la máxima dosis tolerada (100 mg/ml de polifenoles) sobre la actividad colinérgica en larvas de pez cebra (72 horas post-fertilización). Se utilizan únicamente huevos fecundados sin anomalías. Se incuban 6 huevos/pocillo en microplaca de 24 pocillos en 2 ml de agua con DMSO (0,1%) a 26 ± 1º C: a) neurodesarrollo: agua (control) y con 100 mg/ml de extracto, como ensayo; b) neuroprotección: agua y ácido kaínico (100 M) (control) y con 100 mg/ml de extracto (ensayo). Todas las incubaciones por triplicado. A las 72 h se examinan y verifica ausencia de anomalías. Las larvas se homogeneizan y en los sobrenadantes se cuantifica actividad acetilnolinesterasa y concentración proteínas. Resultados: La cantidad de proteína y apreciación morfológica es análoga en todos los ensayos, indicando mismo desarrollo. La acetilcolinesterasa en las larvas de pez, con el extracto polifenólico es del 162,2%(SD 44,2) respecto a controles (100% de actividad) (p < 0,01). Las larvas de pez tratadas con ácido kaínico y extracto polifenólico presentan el 140,1% (SD 22,0) de actividad, respecto a las incubadas únicamente con la neurotoxina (100%) (p < 0,05). Conclusión: Los polifenoles extraídos de los huesos de aceituna producen incremento de actividad colinérgica durante el neurodesarrollo larvario en el pez cebra y protección frente a la neurotoxina ácido kaínico.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Olea , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes , Peixe-Zebra/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Ácido Caínico/administração & dosagem , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Polifenóis
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(3): 478-85, 2014 Sep 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25238821

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There are different parameters to express the loss of weight in the treatment of overweight and obesity: absolute loss, percentage of loss, decrease in BMI, etc. OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitudes more used in the bibliography in order to establish criteria for uniformity in the expression of those results. METHODS: a systematic review of the last five years has made at Proquest, CINHAL, Scopus, with descriptors "body fat distribution" and "diet" and "diet, reducing" and "weight loss". Articles published in English, French and Spanish were selected. Inclusion criteria were used: articles only dietary treatment of overweight in humans, and exclusion criteria: not dietary treatments, metabolic diseases, less than 50 patients and less than 8 weeks of treatment. Title, summary, methodology, results and discussion have been analysed by two researchers independently. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 854 items found, only 61 met the criteria. These were grouped into 5 subgroups, as they expressed the weight loss (weight or fat loss in kg; weight and fat loss in kg; weight or fat loss in %; weight loss in % and fat loss in kg or vice versa; weight and far loss in%). The results show a lack of homogeneity in the loss, being the percentage the most used expression. CONCLUSIONS: There is great heterogeneity in the expression of results of the treatments for weight loss; the diet is one of the least used tools; the analysis of clinical trials of intervention reflects a high quality in subjects older than 18 years, highlighting the lack of this type of research lines in children under 18 years. Therefore, it should standardize the magnitudes of expression of the success of these treatments and increase the lines of research on this topic.


Introduccion: Existen diferentes tratamientos para reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad; no obstante, los resultados de los tratamientos sobre la pérdida de peso tienen una expresión muy heterogénea. Objetivo: Determinar las unidades de medida más utilizadas en los tratamientos de pérdida de peso, mediante la revisión de artículos científicos. Método: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de los últimos 5 años en CINHAL, Proquest y Scopus. Se han seleccionado los artículos publicados en inglés, francés y español. Los criterios de inclusión han sido: artículos de tratamiento únicamente dietético del sobrepeso en humanos. Los criterios de exclusión: tratamientos no dietéticos, enfermedades metabólicas, menos de 50 pacientes y menos de 8 semanas de tratamiento. La revisión ha sido realizada por dos investigadores independientes. Resultados y discusión: De 854 artículos, sólo 61 cumplían con los criterios establecidos. Estos se agruparon en 5 subgrupos, según expresaban la pérdida, en kilos o en porcentajes. Los resultados muestran falta de homogeneidad en la expresión de dicha pérdida. Conclusiones: Existe una gran heterogeneidad en la expresión de los resultados de los tratamientos de pérdida de peso; la dieta es una de las herramientas menos usadas; el análisis de los ensayos clínicos de intervención refleja una alta calidad en los sujetos mayores de 18 años, destacando la carencia de este tipo de líneas de investigación en los menores de esa edad. Por ello, se deberían estandarizar las magnitudes de expresión del éxito de dichos tratamientos y aumentar las líneas de investigación sobre este tema.


Assuntos
Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/terapia , Redução de Peso , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 30(3): 478-485, sept. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-143767

RESUMO

Existen diferentes tratamientos para reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad; no obstante, los resultados de los tratamientos sobre la pérdida de peso tienen una expresión muy heterogénea. Objetivo: Determinar las unidades de medida más utilizadas en los tratamientos de pérdida de peso, mediante la revisión de artículos científicos. Método: Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de los últimos 5 años en CINHAL, Proquest y Scopus. Se han seleccionado los artículos publicados en inglés, francés y español. Los criterios de inclusión han sido: artículos de tratamiento únicamente dietético del sobrepeso en humanos. Los criterios de exclusión: tratamientos no dietéticos, enfermedades metabólicas, menos de 50 pacientes y menos de 8 semanas de tratamiento. La revisión ha sido realizada por dos investigadores independientes. Resultados y discusión: De 854 artículos, sólo 61 cumplían con los criterios establecidos. Estos se agruparon en 5 subgrupos, según expresaban la pérdida, en kilos o en porcentajes. Los resultados muestran falta de homogeneidad en la expresión de dicha pérdida. Conclusiones: Existe una gran heterogeneidad en la expresión de los resultados de los tratamientos de pérdida de peso; la dieta es una de las herramientas menos usadas; el análisis de los ensayos clínicos de intervención refleja una alta calidad en los sujetos mayores de 18 años, destacando la carencia de este tipo de líneas de investigación en los menores de esa edad. Por ello, se deberían estandarizar las magnitudes de expresión del éxito de dichos tratamientos y aumentar las líneas de investigación sobre este tema (AU)


There are different parameters to express the loss of weight in the treatment of overweight and obesity: absolute loss, percentage of loss, decrease in BMI, etc. Objective: To determine the magnitudes more used in the bibliography in order to establish criteria for uniformity in the expression of those results. Methods: a systematic review of the last five years has made at Proquest, CINHAL, Scopus, with descriptors «body fat distribution» and «diet» and «diet, reducing» and «weight loss». Articles published in English, French and Spanish were selected. Inclusion criteria were used: articles only dietary treatment of overweight in humans, and exclusion criteria: not dietary treatments, metabolic diseases, less than 50 patients and less than 8 weeks of treatment. Title, summary, methodology, results and discussion have been analysed by two researchers independently. Results and discussion: 854 items found, only 61 met the criteria. These were grouped into 5 subgroups, as they expressed the weight loss (weight or fat loss in kg; weight and fat loss in kg; weight or fat loss in %; weight loss in % and fat loss in kg or vice versa; weight and far loss in%). The results show a lack of homogeneity in the loss, being the percentage the most used expression. Conclusions: There is great heterogeneity in the expression of results of the treatments for weight loss; the diet is one of the least used tools; the analysis of clinical trials of intervention reflects a high quality in subjects older than 18 years, highlighting the lack of this type of research lines in children under 18 years. Therefore, it should standardize the magnitudes of expression of the success of these treatments and increase the lines of research on this topic (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Dieta Redutora/métodos , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Pesos e Medidas , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Tamanho da Porção de Referência/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(1): 113-7, 2014 Jul 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25137269

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of a polyphenolic extract from olive pits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The THP1-XBlue-CD14 (invivogen) cellular line, 80,000 cells/well, was incubated and inflammation (activation of NF-kb) was produced with 0.1 mg/mL of LPS (lipopolysaccharide from E. coli) for 24 hours. We assessed the presence of the extract (10 and 50 mg/L, biologically safe concentrations) for 2 hours at 37º C, before (preventive effect) and after (therapeutic effect) the proinflammatory activation, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, which is expressed under the control of the NF-kb transcriptional factor, was quantified by colorimetry. The percentage of activity of NF-kb as preventive effect and therapeutic effect was assessed by comparing it to control cultures of cells with LPS and without extract, which are considered 100% of NF-kb. RESULTS: The preventive anti-inflammatory capacity of the extract at 50 mg/L was 25.5% (95% CI: 16.8-34.2) and the therapeutic effect 34.9% (95% CI: 25.3-44.4) for the same concentration, without any significant activity at 10 mg/L. CONCLUSION: An activity of polyphenols extracted from olive pits is shown, both in preventing inflammation and therapeutically eliminating inflammation through inhibition of NF-kB factor previously activated by LPS at concentrations of 50 mg/L of polyphenols, which previously haven been shown to be safe.


El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la actividad antiinflamatoria de un extracto de naturaleza polifenólica de huesos de oliva. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incubó la línea celular THP1- XBlue-CD14 (invivogen), 80.000 células/pocillo, provocando inflamación (activación de NF-kb) mediante 0.1 µg/ml LPS (lipopolisacárido de E. coli) durante 24 horas. Se evaluó la presencia del extracto (10 y 50 mg/l, concentraciones bioseguras) durante 2 horas a 37 ºC, previa (efecto preventivo) y posterior a la activación proinflamatoria (efecto terapéutico) y se cuantificó colorimétricamente la actividad de fosfatasa alcalina, que se expresa bajo el control del promotor del factor transcripcional de NF-kb. Se evalúa el % actividad de NF-kb en efecto preventivo y terapéutico respecto a cultivos control de células con LPS y sin extracto añadido, que se consideran 100% de NF-kb. RESULTADOS: La capacidad antiinflamatoria preventiva del extracto a 50 mg/l es del 25,5% (IC 95% 16,8-34,2) y el efecto terapéutico del 34,9% (IC 95% 25,3-44,4) para la misma concentración, no presentando actividad significativa a 10 mg/l. CONCLUSIÓN: Se muestra una actividad de los polifenoles extraídos de los huesos de aceitunas, tanto preventivo de la inflamación como terapéutico de eliminación de la inflamación a través de la inhibición del factor NF-kB previamente activado por LPS a concentraciones de 50 mg/l de polifenoles que previamente se han mostrado seguras.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Olea , Sementes
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(6): 1388-93, 2014 Jun 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24972479

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The olive tree is a source of bioactive compounds, both its fruit and its by-products. Some of its compounds have shown health benefits, being objective of this work the evaluation of biosafety in-vitro and in vivo of extracts of olive stones rich in polyphenols. MATERIAL AND METHODS: He has been evaluated for cytotoxicity by addition of lyophilized extract dissolved in PBS(0-400 mg/l) to a culture of the cell line THP1-XBlue- CD14 and evaluation of cell viability by the reaction of reduction of resazurin by living cells. Biosecurity has been evaluated in zebrafish, incubating eggs fertilized in 0 to 100 mg/l extract for 24 to 72 hours and measuring parameters: a) lethal (dead embryos, coagulated eggs), b) sublethal (spontaneous movements, pigmentation, edemas) and c) teratogenic (malformations, retardation development). RESULTS: Cytotoxicity (toxic effect when less than 75% viability) extract bones of olive in the cell line THP1- XBlue-CD14, is in concentrations higher than 50 mg/l, calculating a LD50 (dose lethality 50) more than 800 mg/l. The biosafety of zebrafish embryos exposed to concentrations of extract from 0-100 mg/l showed total viability at 24, 48 and 72 hours post fertilization (hpf), not observed mortality or appreciated embryos with sublethal effects, teratogenic, or advancement or delay in hatching. It can be concluded that the bones of olive extract is highly biosecured until at least 100 mg/l concentrations.


El olivo constituye una fuente de compuestos bioactivos, tanto en su fruto, como en sus subproductos. Algunos de sus compuestos han mostrado beneficios para la salud, siendo objetivo de este trabajo la evaluación de la bioseguridad in vitro e in vivo de extractos de huesos de aceituna ricos en polifenoles. Material y métodos: Se ha evaluado la citotoxicidad mediante adición de extracto de hueso de olivas disuelto en PBS(0-400 mg/l) a un cultivo de la línea celular THP1- XBlue-CD14 y evaluación de la viabilidad celular mediante la reacción de reducción de la resazurina por las células vivas. La bioseguridad se ha evaluado en pez cebra, incubando huevos fecundados en extracto de 0 a 100 mg/l durante 24 a 72 horas y midiendo los parámetros: a) letales (embriones muertos, huevos coagulados), b) subletales (movimientos espontáneos, pigmentación, edemas) y c) teratogénicos (malformaciones, retraso desarrollo). Resultados: La citotoxicidad (efecto tóxico cuando viabilidad inferior al 75%) del extracto de huesos de oliva en la línea celular THP1-XBlue-CD14, está en concentraciones superiores a 50 mg/l de extracto (viabilidad 77,5%), calculando una LD50 (dosis de letalidad 50%) superior a 800 mg/l. La bioseguridad in vivo con los embriones de pez cebra expuestos a concentraciones de extracto de 0- 100 mg/l mostró total viabilidad a 24, 48 y 72 horas post fecundación (hpf), no observándose mortalidad ni se apreciaron embriones con efectos subletales, teratógenos, ni adelanto o retraso en la eclosión. Se puede concluir que el extracto de huesos de olivas es altamente bioseguro hasta al menos concentraciones de 100 mg/l.


Assuntos
Olea/toxicidade , Polifenóis/toxicidade , Sementes/química , Peixe-Zebra/fisiologia , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Liofilização , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade
9.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(1): 153-7, 2014 Jan 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24483974

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the eating habits of the students of the University of Alicante of the degrees of Human Nutrition and Dietetics and Nursing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out to 184 students of both sexes (96 of Human Nutrition and Dietetics and Nursing 88) of the University of Alicante. Were weighed and carved to calculate BMI; food consumption was estimated by the reminder of 24 hours; intake of macro and micronutrients were calculated using the program Easydiet. Comparing the results obtained in both qualifications and according to nutritional status by performing the corresponding statistical analysis. RESULTS: The majority of the students analyzed are normal weight (80%). There were significant differences in the quality of the diet both degrees, being the same characteristics: low in carbohydrates and high in protein. It also shows an imbalance in the type of fat consumed, with a higher consumption of saturated and less from polyunsaturated than recommended. Likewise, analyzed that nutrition students do more exercise than the nurses, although they sleep fewer hours and spend more time in front of the computer and TV. CONCLUSION: While the levels of overweight and obesity among students is less than that of the general population, there are imbalances in your diet, noting that consumption of macronutrients is located away from the recommendations, and that there are deficiencies in the intake of micronutrients. Showing that have knowledge of nutrition, does not affect healthy decision-making to a diet and lifestyle.


Assuntos
Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Dietética , Estilo de Vida , Estudantes de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(5): 1536-40, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24160212

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Maternal age is a preponderant variable in the epidemiological analysis of the premature birth. Studies show that in the extreme ages of the maternal life there is a risk of premature birth that generates a high rate of neonatal morbidity. OBJECTIVES: [corrected] Determine the effect on the extreme ages of women residents in the province of Alicante on the total of the premature births. METHOD: An explanatory, retrospective case-control study was conducted during the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2011. The study was based on the revision of the newborn registers from the Neonatal Screening Center of the province of Alicante. All the preterm were included, this means between 22 & 36 complete weeks of pregnancy (5,295 out of 78,391 newborn which represents 6.75% of prematurity), and a random sample of the deliveries with 37 weeks or more of pregnancy (control group). The age of the mother was studied as independent variable and the prematurity as dependent variable. RESULTS: Clearly shows an increased risk of prematurity among teenage mothers compared to the age group nearest to them, which is confirmed by a squared Chi test which gives a significantly different distribution (p < 0,0001) and an OD for very preterm of 2,41 (1,51-3,24) and of preterm of 1,71 (1,32-2,19). This probability is also higher among mothers over 40 years old with an OD of 1,86 (1,39-2,48) and 1,66 (1,44-1,91) for very preterm newborns and preterm newborns respectively. DISCUSSION: The results clearly manifest that teenagers and older pregnant mothers are at higher prematurity and low birth weight risk, therefore imposes the need to trace educational interventions to minimize this problem from the results in this research.


Antecedentes: La edad materna es una variable preponderante en el análisis epidemiológico del nacimiento prematuro. Los estudios muestran que en las edades extremas de la vida materna hay un riesgo de nacimiento prematuro que genera una tasa elevada de morbilidad neonatal. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de las edades extremas de mujeres residentes en la provincia de Albacete sobre de nacimientos prematuros. Método: Se realizó un estudio explicativo, retrospectivo de casos-control durante el periodo de 1 de enero de 2008 a 31 de diciembre de 2011. El estudio se basó en la revisión de los registros de recién nacidos del Centro de Cribado Neonatal de la provincia de Alicante. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos pretérmino, es decir, entre las semanas 22 y 36 de gestación (5.295 de 78.391 recién nacidos, lo que representa un 6,75% de prematuridad), y una muestra aleatoria de los nacimientos con más de 37 semanas de gestación (grupo control). Se estudió la edad materna como variable independiente y la prematuridad como variable dependiente. Resultados: El estudio muestra claramente un mayor riesgo de prematuridad entre las madres adolescentes en comparación con el siguiente grupo más cercano en edad, lo que se confirmó por una distribución significativamente distinta con el test Chi cuadrado (p < 0,0001) con una OD para los grandes prematuros de 2,41 (1,51-3,24) y de 1,71 (1,32-2,19) para los prematuros. Esta probabilidad también fue mayor en madres con edades de más de 40 años con una OD de 1,86 (1,39-2,48) y de 1,66 (1,44- 1,91) para recién nacidos grandes prematuros y prematuros, respectivamente. Discusión: Los resultados muestran claramente que las madres adolescentes y las más mayores tienen mayor riesgo de hijos prematuros o con bajo peso al nacimiento, lo que motiva la necesidad de establecer intervenciones educacionales para disminuir el problema, a partir de los resultados de esta investigación.


Assuntos
Idade Materna , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Região do Mediterrâneo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
11.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(5): 1541-5, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24160213

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The diet is important in the supply of fatty acids in humans, especially those of the n-3 and n-6 families by its essentiality and related physiological function. It is important to have reference values in accessible biological samples: serum and erythrocyte membranes, in order to alleviate potential shortfalls. The objective is quantifying fatty acids present in these samples from C6 to C26. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the determinations of the fatty acids of 30 healthy children in serum and its corresponding membrane phospholipids from blood cells by lipid extraction, methylation, separation and quantification in gas chromatography with detection of masses have been. It is comparing the values obtained in each serum and its partner of cell membranes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: It is have obtained normal values in healthy children. The C16, which represent a quarter of all fatty acids, it is in the same proportion in both samples, in the rest of fatty acids, there is no clear correspondence between both values. In the n-6 family, the C18:2n6 is higher in serum against the C20:4n6 which is in the phospholipids. In the same way between the n-3 family, the C20:5n3 is higher in serum and the C22:6n3 is in membrane phospholipids. These values are cause of different processes, recent nutritional contribution to serum and with long-term implications and metabolic values in the phospholipids of membranes.


Introducción: La dieta es importante para el suministro de ácidos grasos del hombre, en especial los de las familias n-3 y n-6, por su esencialidad y las amplias funciones fisiológicas relacionadas. Es importante tener valores de referencia en las muestras biológicas accesibles, tales como suero y membranas eritrocitarias, con el fin de paliar posibles déficit. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en cuantificar los ácidos grasos esenciales (AGE) presentes en dichas muestras, desde la C6 hasta la C26. Material y métodos: Se han efectuado las determinaciones de los ácidos grasos de 30 niños sanos en suero y en sus correspondientes fosfolípidos de membrana de células sanguíneas, mediante su extracción lipídica, metilación, separación y cuantificación en cromatografía de gases con detección de masas. Se han comparado los valores obtenidos en cada suero y su pareja de membranas celulares. Resultados y discusión: Se han obtenido los valores normales en niños sanos. El C16, que supone la cuarta parte de todos los ácidos grasos, está en la misma proporción en ambas muestras; entre el resto, no se encuentra una correspondencia clara entre ambos valores. Entre los n-6, el C18:2n6 está en mayor proporción en suero, frente al C20:4n6 que lo está en los fosfolípidos. De igual forma, entre los n-3, el C20:5n3 está en mayor proporción en suero y el C22:6n3 lo está en fosfolípidos de membrana. Dichos valores son la causa de procesos distintos, aporte nutricional reciente para el suero y con implicaciones a largo plazo y metabólicas los valores en los fosfolípidos de las membranas.


Assuntos
Membrana Eritrocítica/química , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Lipídeos de Membrana/análise , Fosfolipídeos/análise , Criança , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Humanos , Valores de Referência
12.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(4): 1165-70, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23889637

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids compete for the same elongases and desaturases, still highly deficient synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids from n-3 linolenic acid. The n-3 polyunsaturated prevent disease and are important in the development and maintenance of neuronal activities, necessitating a proper relationship with their antagonists n-6. This paper studies the proportion of these fatty acids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed the fatty acids of n- 3 and n-6 in sera and membrane phospholipid with 374 children neuropathies and 34 healthy children, using gas chromatography with mass detector. It has made the relevant statistical study. RESULTS: The n-3 (EPA and DHA) in serum and their corresponding membrane phospholipids correlate better than the n-6 family. The major n-6 (LA and ARA) are equally in serum, being significantly higher in phospholipids of healthy children. The n-3 (EPA and DHA) have higher values in healthy children, both in serum and phospholipids, their sum is equal to the membrane phospholipids. The n-6/n-3 ratio is higher in children with neurological disorder in both samples. CONCLUSION: Not being the cause of the high rate n-6/n- 3 neuropathy, however it is advisable to increase the intake of n-3, DHA particularly across the population, especially in children with neurological disorders.


Introducción: Los ácidos grasos n-3 y n-6 compiten por las mismas elongasas y desaturasas, siendo muy deficiente la síntesis de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 a partir de ácido linolénico. Los poliinsaturados n-3 previenen enfermedades y son importantes en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de las actividades neuronales, siendo necesaria una relación adecuada con sus antagonistas n- 6. En este trabajo se estudia la proporción de estos ácidos grasos. Material y métodos: Se han analizado los ácidos grasos n-3 y n-6 en sueros y fosfolípidos de membrana de 374 niños con neuropatías y de 34 niños sanos, mediante cromatografía de gases con detector de masas. Se ha realizado el estudio estadístico pertinente. Resultados: Los ácidos grasos n-3 (EPA y DHA) en suero y su correspondientes fosfolípidos de membrana correlacionan mejor que los de la familia n-6. Los mayoritarios n-6 (LA y ARA) están en igual proporción en sueros, siendo más elevados significativamente en los fosfolípidos de los niños sanos. Los n-3 (EPA y DHA) tienen valores más altos en los niños sanos, tanto en suero como en fosfolípidos, su suma se iguala en los fosfolípidos de membrana. El índice n-6/n-3 es mayor en los niños con trastorno neurológico en ambas muestras. Conclusión: No siendo la causa de la neuropatía el alto índice n-6/n-3, sin embargo es aconsejable incrementar la ingesta de n-3, sobre todo DHA en toda la población y en especial en los niños con trastornos neurológicos.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/sangue , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/sangue , Criança , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo
13.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(6): 2102-2108, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-112198

RESUMO

Durante el proceso gestacional, el estrés prolongado y las preocupaciones que genera este período pueden alterar el desarrollo y la función del hemisferio derecho; de ahí la importancia que se atribuye a los distintos programas de estimulación temprana dirigido a las mujeres gestantes. Objetivos: Determinar los resultados perinatales en el momento del parto de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación prenatal. Material: Se realizó un estudio experimental en cinco áreas de salud del municipio de Cienfuegos (Cuba) para identificar los resultados perinatales en el momento del parto y de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación prenatal. Metodología: Se efectuó una muestra intencional de la totalidad del universo, correspondiente a una n = 200 embarazadas, entre las 20 y las 28 semanas de gestación. Las variables estudiadas fueron la duración del trabajo del parto, el peso del recién nacido, el apgar al nacimiento, el tipo de parto y la opinión que las mujeres estudiadas tenían sobre el programa. Resultados: En el 36% de la población estudiada, el trabajo del parto fue menor de 6 horas. En el 67,5%, el recién nacido tuvo un peso comprendido entre 2.500 y 3.000 gramos y para el 96,5% de los hijos de las madres estimuladas, el apgar al nacer fue evaluado entre 8 y 9. En el 68,5% de las mujeres que recibieron el programa de estimulación, su parto fue eutócico y el 96% de las mujeres participantes está satisfecha con el programa recibido. Conclusiones: Se ha demostrado que estos nuevos programas de estimulación prenatal son bien aceptadas por la embarazada (AU)


During pregnancy, the prolonged stress and worry felt by mothers can alter the development and function of the right brain hemisphere. For this reason, importance is given to prenatal stimulation programs for pregnant women. Objectives: To determine the perinatal results in the moment of childbirth in mothers who had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. Material. An experimental study was conducted in five health districts in the town of Cienfuegos (Cuba) with a view to identifying the perinatal results at the moment of childbirth in women that had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. Methodology: The study consisted of an intentional sampling of all of the subjects (n = 200 women who were 20-28 weeks pregnant). The variables studied were the following: duration of labor, baby's birth weight, Apgar score at birth, type of childbirth, and opinion of the subjects about the prenatal stimulation program. Results: Of the population sample, 36% of the subjects gave birth in less than six hours; 67.5% had babies weighing 2,500-3,000 grams; and 96.5% had babies whose Apgar scores were between 8 and 9. Finally, 68.5% of the subjects had natural childbirths and 96% were satisfied with the prenatal stimulation program. Conclusions. The results obtained showed that these new prenatal stimulation programs were well received by the subjects in this study (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/epidemiologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Estimulação Física/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
14.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(1): 161-4, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22566316

RESUMO

There is a general consensus that obesity is an eminently inflammatory process. This is justified by alterations observed in obese patients, which affect the secretion of certain cytokines such as ceruloplasmin, leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), among others. In a parallel way, other research has also pointed out alterations in the composition of fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane of overweight adults. The results obtained in our study confirm the existence of a significant correlation between the serum levels of some of the cytokines studied and the nutritional state of the sample studied. This means that for the population of children evaluated in our study, the serum concentrations of these biomolecules can be an important tool for the prediction of cardiovascular risk when they become adults. Furthermore significant differences were found regarding the composition of saturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane.


Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Eritrócitos/química , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , Adolescente , Criança , Membrana Eritrocítica/química , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Medição de Risco
17.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(1): 161-164, ene.-feb. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-104866

RESUMO

En la actualidad se acepta que la obesidad constituye un proceso eminentemente inflamatorio. Ello tiene su justificación en las alteraciones descritas en sujetos obesos a nivel de la secreción de ciertas citoquinas tales como ceruloplasmina, leptina, adiponectina e interleuquina 6 (IL-6), entre otras. Asimismo y en modo paralelo, otros trabajos apuntan además hacia alteraciones en la composición de ácidos grasos en la membrana de los eritrocitos de adultos obesos. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio confirman la existencia de una correlación significativa entre los niveles séricos de algunas de las citokinas estudiadas y el estado nutricional de los sujetos, lo que significa que para la población de escolares valorada, las concentraciones séricas de estas biomoléculas pueden constituir una importante herramienta para predecir el riesgo cardiovascular en la edad adulta. Además, se han encontrado diferencias significativas respecto de la composición en ácidos grasos saturados en la membrana de los eritrocitos (AU)


There is a general consensus that obesity is an eminently inflammatory process. This is justified by alterations observed in obese patients, which affect the secretion of certain cytokines such as ceruloplasmin, leptin,adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), among others. In a parallel way, other research has also pointed out alterations in the composition of fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane of overweight adults. The results obtained in our study confirm the existence of a significant correlation between the serum levels of some of the cytokines studied and the nutritional state of the sample studied. This means that for the population of children evaluated in our study, the serum concentrations of these biomolecules can be an important tool for the prediction of cardiovascular risk when they become adults. Furthermore significant differences were found regarding the composition of saturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Avaliação Nutricional , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Fatores de Risco , Prognóstico , Estado Nutricional
18.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(6): 2102-8, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23588463

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: During pregnancy, the prolonged stress and worry felt by mothers can alter the development and function of the right brain hemisphere. For this reason, importance is given to prenatal stimulation programs for pregnant women. OBJECTIVES: To determine the perinatal results in the moment of childbirth in mothers who had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. MATERIAL: An experimental study was conducted in five health districts in the town of Cienfuegos (Cuba) with a view to identifying the perinatal results at the moment of childbirth in women that had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. METHODOLOGY: The study consisted of an intentional sampling of all of the subjects (n = 200 women who were 20-28 weeks pregnant). The variables studied were the following: duration of labor, baby's birth weight, Apgar score at birth, type of childbirth, and opinion of the subjects about the prenatal stimulation program. RESULTS: Of the population sample, 36% of the subjects gave birth in less than six hours; 67.5% had babies weighing 2,500-3,000 grams; and 96.5% had babies whose Apgar scores were between 8 and 9. Finally, 68.5% of the subjects had natural childbirths and 96% were satisfied with the prenatal stimulation program. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained showed that these new prenatal stimulation programs were well received by the subjects in this study.


Assuntos
Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Estimulação Acústica , Adulto , Afeto , Índice de Apgar , Peso ao Nascer/fisiologia , Cuba , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Satisfação do Paciente , Estimulação Luminosa , Estimulação Física , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez
19.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(4): 899-903, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-111168

RESUMO

La obesidad y el cáncer de mama constituyen dos patologías de extremada prevalencia en la actualidad y con un alto impacto en la sociedad. Numerosas investigaciones han intentado establecer una asociación entre ambos procesos, circunstancia que aún continúa en entre dicho. Se llevó a cabo una recogida de datos a partir de las historias clínicas de 524 mujeres diagnosticadas y tratadas de cáncer de mama durante el período de enero de 2009 a septiembre de 2010. Los objetivos del estudio fueron verificar una posible asociación entre el estado nutricional de las mujeres y su relación con la edad de diagnóstico del tumor. En segundo lugar, determinar la posible implicación de la obesidad en relación con la edad de la menarquia y con ello en el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el estado nutricional de las mujeres y la edad a la cual fueron diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama (p <0,0001), así como una asociación estadísticamente significativa(p < 0,0001) entre la edad de la menarquia y el estado nutricional de las pacientes. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio muestran que la obesidad se encuentra íntimamente asociada con el cáncer de mama (AU)


Obesity and breast cancer are two very frequent pathologies in the world today, which have a strong impact on society. Various research studies have tried linking the two. For this purpose, data was collected from the medical histories of 524 women who had been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer from January 2009 to September 2010. The objectives of the study were to find and verify a possible association between the nutritional state of these women and their age when they were diagnosed with the tumour (p < 0.0001) as well as a statistically significant association (p < 0.0001) between the age of the first menstruation and the nutritional state of the patients. The results obtained showed that obesity was closely related to breast cancer (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Obesidade/complicações , Idade de Início , Estado Nutricional , Menarca , Estudos Retrospectivos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/tendências
20.
Nutr Hosp ; 26(4): 899-903, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22470040

RESUMO

Obesity and breast cancer are two very frequent pathologies in the world today, which have a strong impact on society. Various research studies have tried linking the two. For this purpose, data was collected from the medical histories of 524 women who had been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer from January 2009 to September 2010. The objectives of the study were to find and verify a possible association between the nutritional state of these women and their age when they were diagnosed with the tumour (p < 0.0001) as well as a statistically significant association (p < 0.0001) between the age of the first menstruation and the nutritional state of the patients. The results obtained showed that obesity was closely related to breast cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Menarca , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
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